Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon or rectum and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the World. In US, an estimated 146,970 people were diagnosed, and an estimated 49,920 people died from the disease in 2009. It is equally common in men and women.

Colorectal cancer is a preventable disease. This cancer can be prevented by removing polyps before they become cancerous and it can be more easily and successfully treated when it is detected early. Although no consensus on the role of diet in preventing colorectal cancer, medical experts recommend a diet low in animal fats and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain products to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, scientists are examining the role of certain medications and supplements, including aspirin, calcium, vitamin D, and selenium, in preventing colorectal cancer. While these supplements may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, the most effective way to reduce risk is by having regular colorectal cancer screening tests beginning at age 50.

Several tests are available to screen for colorectal cancer. These screening tests include: colonoscopy, high-sensitivity fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, double contrast barium enema as a screening test, CT colonography (also known as “virtual colonoscopy”) and stool DNA testing. The people at age 50 and older, with obese, with tobacco use, with family history of colorectal cancer or benign (not cancerous) colorectal polyps, with personal or family history of inflammatory bowel disease, or with family history of inherited colorectal cancer, are at risk of developing colorectal cancer and should consult with doctor and establish screening plan.

Prevention is the best pathway to reduce colorectal cancer. To reduce the cancer risk and prevent colorectal cancer, the following activities are encouraged:

• Eat a high-fiber diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans and whole grains.
• Limit red meat consumption and avoid processed meats.
• Consume calcium-rich foods like low-fat or skim milk.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Be physically active and exercise regularly.
• Don’t smoke.
• Don’t drink alcohol excessively.
• Get screened for colorectal cancer starting at age 50.